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Category: Enrique Tessieri

Revista Fennia: ¿Queremos solamente “súperinmigrantes” en Finlandia?

Posted on December 15, 2013 by Migrant Tales

:: Enrique Tessieri ::

Al igual que la la Bella Durmiente que se durmió en la esperanza de despertarse con un beso del príncipe azul, los finlandeses  esperan recibir sólo inmigrantes de lujo, inmigrantes comunes no les interesan.

Kuvankaappaus 2013-12-15 kello 21.43.37

Pueden leer la nota en la Revista Fennia aquí.

Podría algún partido político o algún político prohibir la entrada al país de inmigrantes en un mundo globalizado, ya que todo el bienestar del país depende se sus vínculos con otros países?

Justamente aquellos políticos que se oponen con fuerza a aumentar los derechos de los inmigrantes y de otras minorías, hablan mucho de los inmigrantes de lujo.

¿Quiénes son entonces estos súperinmigrantes? La siguiente lista puede ayudarnos a entender:

 

    • Son inmigrantes de países nordeuropeos. Cristianos y heterosexuales y blancos.
    • Tienen buen nivel educacional, mucha experiencia laboral y buen comportamiento.
    • Siempre hacen su trabajo bien y nunca están sin trabajo. Se les paga un salario menor, pero lo mismo trabajan el doble, en comparación con los finlandeses.
    • Son solícitos con la policía, dispuestos a claudicar de su pasado, y no quedan rastros en ellos de la cultura de la cual vienen.
    • Sus hijos sólo hablan finés. Si hablan otro idioma, como por ejemplo el ruso, sólo lo hacen dentro de las cuatro paredes del hogar.
    • Los adultos aprenden el finés muy rápidamente, en menos de un año, ya que estos inmigrantes “súper” son muy inteligentes, pero no tanto como los finlandes.
    • Ellos hablan tan bien finés que sólo se nota un pequeño acento extranjero,  desde donde se filtra el olorcillo que diferencia a ellos de nosotros.
    • Sus hijos son bien recibidos en la comunidad, ya que son inmigrantes invisibles.

 

Hablando de inmigrantes se me viene a la mente el prócer argentino Juan Bautista Alberdi (1810-1884), llamado el padre de la inmigración, quien tuvo una amplia mirada sobre el desarrollo económico y social  que se produciría gracias a los extranjeros.

Aunque no hablaba de súperinmigrantes, tenía una visión muy romántica sobre el tipo de gente que vendría al país.Él escribió: “Deseamos mezclar la libertad inglesa, con la cultura francesa. Y la capacidad y moralidad laboral norteamericana con la europea.   Que nos las traigan vivas en las personas y que esas costumbres se asienten con ellas en nuestro país”.

No pensó en los habitantes nativos, ni en los negros ni en otras minorías.

A la Argentina llegaron entre los años 1881 y 1914, más de 4,2 millones de inmigrantes de Europa. En esos años la Argentina fue el segundo país elegido por los extranjeros después de Estados Unidos.  En el año 1914, el 49,4 % de los habitantes de Buenos Aires eran inmigrantes. Pero esta cifra es pequeña si la comparamos con Qatar, 86, 5 %; o con los Países Árabes, 70%; y Kuwait, 68,8%.

En Finlandia solamente hay el 3,6 %, o sea 195511 personas.

Si bien Alberdi quería una inmigración de lujo, “muestras vivientes de la civilización europea”, lo que vino fue otra cosa, anarquistas, gente pobre y sin educación, exiliados políticos y delincuentes.

La mayoría de los que llegaban a esta tierra venían de Italia y España, y lo que buscaban era un mejor estandar de vida.  Los finlandeses fundaron en el año 1906 una colonia en la provincia de Misiones, llamada Colonia Finlandesa. En en los años 1930 los jóvenes comenzaron a buscar trabajo en las ciudades y la colectividad fue achicándose.

Temo que esos inmigrantes de lujo que algunos políticos esperan no lleguen nunca, al menos no en grandes cantidades, entonces ¿qué hacemos?

Pienso que ya es tiempo de dejar de discutir si la inmigración es algo bueno o malo, y conversar sobre lo que ya existe y cómo optimizarlo. De hecho tenemos una pequeña comunidad multicultural que crece, y habría que ver cómo transitar los caminos que van y vienen desde y hacia los diferentes grupos culturales.

Ya que nuestra sociedad tiene como fundamento la igualdad para todos, creo que para construir una Finlandia fuerte, debemos trabajar sobre la aceptación y respeto de las minorías, y crear las condiciones de posibilidad igualitaria para todos. Sería importante hablar de las soluciones y no sólo de los problemas.

Está claro, que estamos un tanto perdidos, y que nos falta la visión de un modelo a seguir sobre la multiculturalidad y los diferentes valores. Tenemos que dejar de misvalorar a los inmigrantes no dándoles todos los derechos y dejar de buscar culpables.

En este sentido hay muchas personas equivocadas en Finlandia. Y este no es el camino, al menos no el camino finlandés.

Enrique Tessieri es antropólogo y periodista. Vive en Finlandia actualmente.

 

A letter of thanks to Hommaforum and Hannu of Scripta

Posted on December 15, 2013 by Migrant Tales

Hommaforum, a Finnish hate forum where people reveal their xenophobia and racism anonymously, tried to pull a fast one on Migrant Tales by making up a story about an Ethiopian victim called Dawit. The aim of the email and the story that was published and taken down was supposedly to discredit and shame one of Finland’s most outspoken blogs against racism. 

Did they succeed? Not by a long shot. Migrant Tales has published some 1,800 postings. We have many faithful visitors. We have as well some who dislike us so much that they lose sleep over this blog.

Apart from analysis about cultural diversity in Finland, comments by associate editors like JusticeDemon and Mark add value to our forum. Migrant Tales wouldn’t be anything without them.

After reading over 30,000 comments on our blog, I have learned an important lesson: It’s an utter waste of time to debate with those who are challenged on the tolerance front. We seek proactive answers, while the latter seek to be indifferent.

Apparently, Hommaforum is riling mad about a posting by Fadumo Dayib, Run Nigger, Run, which was published this week. 

Why did this Dayib’s account anger them? Because a Somali, a woman, had the guts to tell her experiences about racism in Finland. This was too much for the people of Hommaforum to take. For some men, Finnish machismo is manifested through racism. That’s why they feel especially threatened when a woman from Somalia can outdebate them.

Another matter that the perpetrators wanted to unsuccessfully show, or claim, is that we don’t check the reliability of our stories. This couldn’t be further from the truth. Everything I write on this blog I take responsibility with my real name. Contrary to many, I am not anonymous and do so because I believe in what I do. I take responsibility for what I write.

The grand majority of our stories are based on reliable sources like newspapers, NGOs and others. We do some investigative reporting with good results and sometimes, hardly ever, we publish directly.

Another factor you have to understand is the motive. The site is Hommaforum, who apart from spreading racism in this country, one of its aims is to deny racism, even if it sounds surreal.

The action taken against our blog is similar to a bogus Finland Democrat Party story in November 2012 published by Turun Sanomat in which former PS MP, James Hirvisaari, was supposed to be a founding member.

Turun Sanomat was chosen as a target because it help spread Helena Eronen’s racist blog entry about sleeve badges last year for different ethnic groups.

Dayib’s opinion piece that was published on Migrant Tales is the reason for Hommaforum’s actions.

In the face of the latest prank, I would like to personally thank them for showing how threatened they feel by our cyber presence.

Migrant Tales is no Turun Sanomat and neither do we have the backing of Finland’s third-largest party in parliament, the Perussuomalaiset (PS), never mind the symbol of ethnic intolerance in this country, Jussi Halla-aho, who was sentenced for ethnic agitation. We’re a small and humble forum that has grown out of nowhere thanks to our arguments and the support of our readers.

The question that interests Hommaforum is if we we’ll stop speaking out against racism in Finland. The answer is a flat no.

Back in 2008, I was about to throw in the Migrant Tales towel but one Scripta member thought he would strike us off the cyber map by calling a social-media lynching mob to our site. I was amazed and emboldened by the attack.

If that attack wouldn’t have happened, it’s doubtful that Migrant Tales would exist today. Thank you Hannu (Onkko for Hommaforumers  and Internetsi for others). If there is one person that boosted our blog from the beginning, that person has got to be Hannu.

The moral of this story? The more you hit us and the more you notice us, the stronger we grow and the weaker and more isolated you become.

I’m more than certain that in 20 years or sooner, Migrant Tales will be judged as a forum that had the courage to speak out against racism while your hate site, Hommaforum, will be studied as an example of how racism got a beachhead and spread in Finland.

In many respects reading what you write on your forum is like listening in 2013 to a white racist speaking in the 1950s in Alabama about blacks.

How come you don’t write your comments with real names? Why so much inflated bravado, anonymously? Are you afraid that your grandchildren and great-grandchildren will be shamed by what you write?

Yes, that must be the reason.

And hey, thank you Hommaforum and Hannu of Scripta for making us stronger today.

 

Does social welfare hinder or encourage migrants to integrate into Finnish society?

Posted on November 27, 2013 by Migrant Tales

Abdi Osman, 44, a naturalized Finn who came to Finland fifteen years ago with 50 dollars in his pocket from his native Somalia via Moscow, is a good example of how refugees and immigrants bring vitality to the economy. His story is that of millions of other immigrants and refugees who made it in their new homelands. 

Kuvankaappaus 2013-11-27 kello 12.13.51

Read full story here.

There are, however, millions of immigrants who don’t make it and are exploited in their new homelands. This is sadly even the case in Finland, where some immigrant workers have been paid starvation wages or end up being marginalized.

There are the Osmans as well. He runs a construction company that employs 60 people, generates annual turnover of 1.4 million euros that makes a net profit of about 200,000 euros, according to Jyväskylä-based Keskisuomalainen.

One of the controversial points the businessman says is that he would not pay asylum-seekers any welfare or teach 40- and 50-year-olds Finnish.

”The best workers are those that don’t get welfare,” he was quoted as saying. ”I have sixty people working for me. If they got welfare tomorrow, none of them would turn up at work.”

While work was a way for Osman succeed in Finnish society, it can’t be an all-size-fits-all answer for integrating immigrants. It’s like telling the unemployed to establish a business. For some it may work while for others it could spell disaster.

Don Flynn of the Migrants’ Rights Network makes an excellent point on how deregulation is the main culprit in the UK when it comes to watering down workers’ rights and wages:

The presence of migrants provides us with the opportunity to marvel at the apparently heroic efforts of this one group of workers to drag out subsistence from the conditions of their lives at the same moment when we blind ourselves to the fact that there are now hundreds of thousands of people who are not migrants who are being pitched into exploitative labour markets in the expectation that they will find some sort of a way to scratch out an existence on wages which are now widely acknowledged to be below levels needed to secure a decent life for any individual and her dependents.

Our response to such a scenario in Finland should be constant vigilance that we defend our basic rights.

When it comes to integration and adaption of immigrants in a new homeland, we have to be careful about simplifying matters. If things were as simple as Osman claims, then we would have solved all our integration problems in an instant.

While the businessman’s views sound like that of the Youth League of the National Coalition Party, he does raise an interesting point on how social welfare is used to marginalize migrants, reinforce institutional racism and the status quo.

By the status quo I mean no rocking the boat and keeping matters as they are. One of the ways of keeping the status quo is to pay migrants welfare without taking serious steps to promote their integration into society by helping them to get work and build a future in this country.

Like amongst Finns, migrants on welfare constitute a minority.

Even so, our social welfare is an important right and gesture by society that nobody should be left behind.

 

Henrik Dettmann: Finland is an “extremely intolerant” country

Posted on November 18, 2013 by Migrant Tales

Is Finland a racist country? Henrik Dettmann, head coach of the Finnish national basketball team, agrees and claims that Finland is an ”extremely intolerant” country that isn’t a favorable place for foreigners.

Kuvankaappaus 2013-11-18 kello 12.47.24

Read full story here.

“Yes [Finland is a racist country],” Dettmann is quoted as saying on Verkkouutiset. “If I compare what I have experienced [in different countries], nowhere have a bumped into such narrow-minded attitudes towards foreigners as in Finland, nowhere else.”

He said that if a party like the Perussuomalaiset get 20% of the votes in an election  by fueling anti-immigration sentiment, that already says a lot about the present state of Finland.

Dettmann has worked as a coach of the German and French national basketball teams.

It is a positive sign that more Finns are speaking out against racism in this country, which continues to be denied or played down.

If we had the opportunity to move twenty years ahead in time, how would we look at Finland’s darkest period in the new century?

One matter is for certain: Not enough voices spoke out against racism and intolerance.

Strict banking laws in Finland leave refugees without bank accounts and discourage foreign investment

Posted on November 15, 2013 by Migrant Tales

Stateless refugees cannot still open bank accounts in regions like Etelä-Savo in Eastern Finland, according to Länsi-Savo, a Mikkeli-based daily. Not only are stateless persons affected but different municipalities that want to attract foreign investment. Some small- and medium-sized companies that want to relocate in Finland from Russia have a difficult time opening bank account as well. 

Migrant Tales understands that there is no standard procedure for opening a bank account in Finland for stateless persons, who cannot confirm their original identity. Some branch offices not only permit stateless persons to open bank accounts but have access to online banking.

According to Länsi-Savo, opening a bank account in Mikkeli has become more difficult, if not impossible.

If a stateless person cannot open a bank account, it effectively means that he or she cannot be paid assistance by the state. In order to avoid such a problem, municipalities like Mikkeli cannot accept refugees from Syria, according to a municipal employee who works with refugees.

The most outrageous aspect of this policy is that there aren’t any standard rule but instead allows bank to treat people on a one-to-one basis. Some stateless refugees in cities like Kouvola and Tampere haven’t had problems in opening bank accounts and even getting online banking services.

Last year I encountered this problem head on when I went to Nordea bank in Mikkeli with a stateless person.  After a few questions, the bank employee said that the person needs a valid passport to open an account at that bank. But if on that passport it reads ”his/her identity cannot be confirmed,” the person can never open an account at Nordea.

I asked the Nordea employee what could be done.

“Why don’t you go to OP bank,” she said. “I’ve read in Länsi-Savo [the local paper] that such persons can open accounts at that bank.”

Surprised by what I was hearing, I asked the bank employee if she was serious.

“Why do they [OP bank] have one set of rules and you have another?” I asked. “Don’t you think it is pretty incredible that you are sending a potential client to the competition?”

The bank employee didn’t answer my question.

Let’s say that the person is lucky and is able to open a bank account but cannot get online banking services. That’s how Finns did their banking over two decades ago. They stood in lines and asked the bank teller to pay their bills.

Even in getting banking services, some immigrants are second-class members of this society.

See also:

  • DNA, Saunalahti, IF, Nordea: “Backward-looking” rules and laws mirror Finland’s anti-foreign sentiment
  • The National Discrimination Tribunal of Finland fines Nordea for discrimination
  • Ombudsman for Minorities responds to Migrant Tales’ queries concerning phone operators and insurance companies
  • Some Finnish banks require Somalis to be Finnish citizens to have access to online banking

Our response to intolerance in the EU and Finland must be first and foremost a response

Posted on March 14, 2013 by Migrant Tales

Every great journey challenge begins with a single step.

A Chinese proverb slightly changed

A study by the European Network Against Racism (ENAR), reveals how racism and intolerant attitudes are becoming more prevalent in the European Union. What to do?

Kuvankaappaus 2013-3-14 kello 9.26.19Read ENAR study here.  

A recent example of how racism and intolerance spread roots in Finland is Timo Soini’s comments on PS MP Olli Immonen’s election as chairman of Suomen Sisu.

Soini did no condemn (why would he?) Immonen’s election but compared the extremist anti-immigration association to a harmless hunting, farming or youth association.

Not only is the PS chairman and his followers responsible for fueling more intolerance in Finland by playing down or denying such a social ill completely, the silence of the big parties is equally worrying.

One researcher in the ENAR study, Mutuma Ruteere, exposes what is not only happening throughout Europe but in Finland. He said that the problem is not only the discourse coming from far right parties, “but in the fact that established mainstream parties do not reject such discourses and even often support them.”

Bingo!

If there are two shameful watersheds that will be remembered for bolstering intolerance in Finland, they were made in 2010 by National Coalition Party’s Prime Minister Jyrki Katainen and Social Democratic Party economy minister, Jutta Urpilainen. Both said that “debating immigrant issues in this country didn’t make you a racist” and massa maan tavalla (in Rome do as the Romans do), respectively.

If we look at the most recent polls, the National Coalition Party and the Social Democrats are paying a high political price, together with the Center Party, for flirting with an anti-EU, anti-immigration and especially anti-Islam party.

The silence of the largest parties, coupled with the opportunity to capitalize on anti-immigration and anti-EU sentiment in Finland by the PS, is what has gone terribly wrong with this country.

The more Finland denies collectively that it doesn’t have an issue with intolerance, the more it will continue to feed such a social ill.

We need the courage to challenge and ghostbust those myths that promote intolerance. There you will find the root of our prejudices and hatred.

One of these took place in the last century when Finland did everything possible to stop immigrants from moving to this country. As we lost hundreds of thousands of able workers to Sweden, we covered up for our mistakes with the help of ethnic myths about ourselves. In the process, we undermined diversity and fueled nationalism.

The ENAR study expresses concern over the rise of uninhibited forms of racism that have emerged throughout the EU. A good example is using freedom of expression or claiming how whites are victims of racism as justifications for promoting the status quo of intolerance.

Migrant Tales has written about this on many occasions. The aim of those who are against diversity is to point out how different a group is, which helps justify their racism and feelings of hostility for that group.

 

 

BBC’s HARDtalk grills Timo Soini on racism

Posted on February 21, 2013 by Migrant Tales

Finally Perussuomalaiset (PS) chairman, Timo Soini, has met his match Wednesday on the BBC’s HARDtalk. The Finnish media should take notes on how BBC journalist Stephen Sackur doesn’t let Soini off the hook when it comes to racism. In a short part of the interview, Saucker reveals Soini and the PS for what they are: a sham and a party that treats racism with kid gloves.

The last time that Soini got thrown a good question was not by Finnish journalists but by high school students in Järvenpää during the presidential election.

Kuvankaappaus 2013-2-20 kello 23.56.10

Here is the link.

My favorite question by Sackur to Soini: “Is there a strand of racism inside your party?”

Soini: “No. I’m a Catholic Christian by definition, I cannot be a racist.”

Sackur: “I’m not sure that would convince everyone listening to this interview. Is there a strand of racism inside your party?”

Soini: “No I don’t hate anybody, nobody is hated by the Finns Party…Of course there are one or two outbursts but we have 19% out of people voting for us…If there are some individuals or even some MPs you cannot personally be in charge.”

Sackur: “You’re a leader. That’s your job. ”

Soini: “That is my job I’m not a kindergarten [teacher]…”

Sackur: “You have 39 MPs and you are saying it’s simply impossible to ensure that none come up with a racist statement?”

And a little later on Saucker brings up PS MP Teuvo Hakkarainen and his use of the n-word in Finland which is “completely unacceptable and racist.”

Soini: “I said [to Hakkarainen] don’t use that kind of [racist] language.”

Sackur: “Why didn’t you fire him?”

Soini: “Why should I?”

Saucker: “Because if people use that sort of completely derogatory word towards people of a different race it suggests that they are racist.”

Soini: “Yes, but he hasn’t said he’s a racist and I don’t believe he is a racist.”

Sackur: “So if you use that kind of language, inflammatory language, then deny you’re a racist, that’s ok.”

Soini: “That’s not ok . You should be improving in your behavior.”

 

 

 

Our Finnish modern-day eugenicists are no different from the past

Posted on February 17, 2013 by Migrant Tales

Who are those modern-day eugenicists breathing life back into this disgraced pseudo-science whose aim was to create a master white race by wiping out other ones? If we look at Europe and the Nordic region today, we can find many politicians with the same nineteenth-century agenda but in a different context. 

Some may rightfully argue that eugenics is long dead. True, but what hasn’t died is racism that manifests itself in new forms.

In Finland, you will find them in groups like Suomen Sisu, Suomalaisuuden liitto, neo-Nazi Suomen Kansalinen Vastarinta, in parliament and city councils as well as in all walks of life in Finland.

Kuvankaappaus 2013-2-17 kello 11.21.50

Suomalaisuuden liitto, or the Association of Finnish Culture and Identity, is one of many eugenicist-spirited associations in Finland that want to keep Finland white.

They are present as well in anti-immigration right-wing populist parties like the Danish People’s Party, Sweden Democrats and Progress Party of Norway. While these types of modern-day eugenicists can be found throughout Europe in parties like Golden Dawn of Greece, Hungary’s Jobbik and the National Front of France, their message is the same: We must keep our country white.

What these anti-immigration and xenophobic groups haven’t told us yet is how they plan to keep their countries’ white. Is it only a matter of time when they’ll begin drafting legislation to deport Muslims and other visible minorities to where they came from? Think of the consequences to our democracy and way of life if we permit this type of hatred to get the better of us.

When I moved to Finland permanently in December 1978, the first matter that surprised me was prejudice. It seemed that the only contact some Finns had with blacks was through Archie Bunker’s TV series. Finns were not only prejudiced to outsiders but placed labels on themselves as well.

If Finns housed such views of themselves, one can only imagine how they saw non-Finns like blacks and Southern Europeans.

The same idea, that we are being invaded by criminals, was evident in Finland’s immigration policy. Finland got its first Aliens Act in 1983, about 66 years after independence. Immigrants had no rights before the Act and could be held indefinitely and deported by the police without a fair trial.

The answer to how some Finns saw foreigners can be found in popular culture and in Irwin Mutakuono ja lakupelle (Mudfaces and n-clowns). The lyrics were written by Veikko Salmi.

vainelamaa14cd

Another racist hit by Irwin Goodman was Marcello Macaroni. The song was sung as well by Esa Pakarinen, a Finnish movie star.

If you check out former song on YouTube, it has over 1.2 million hits.

Continue reading “Our Finnish modern-day eugenicists are no different from the past”

Making torture and hate acceptable

Posted on January 26, 2013 by Migrant Tales

Even if the media in the United States speaks of torture as something recent, the truth is that it has been going on for a very long time. These type of barbaric interrogation techniques were widely used in the last century in regions like Latin America. The CIA and the United States trained and promoted torture and state-sponsored terrorism in places like the School of the Americas.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V4eLYXJIZfg

Torture is not only a part of my history, but the legacy of millions of Latin Americans, Africans and Asians who are gripped today by drug wars, violence and poverty.  Matters have got so bad in the underdeveloped world that people are ready to risk their lives to migrate and work for slave wages.

One has to connect the historical dots when looking at undocumented migrants and immigration in general. It’s the same story taking place over and over again: we colonize, enslave, pillage, support dictatorships; we reap the greatest profit by promoting poverty and underdevelopment in these regions.

If you devastate a country’s democratic institutions and make a mockery of human rights, how can you on top of it ask people to live in the destruction you created?

It is surprising, if not incredible, that politicians in Europe still stigmatize migrants and refugees as “welfare shoppers.” Apart from exposing their greed, these types of politicians are making a clear statement: You have no right to opportunity and a better life.

The George W. Bush era (2000-08) not only brought to light the ugly face of USAmerica when it comes to torture and meddling in other countries’ affairs, it has inspired some critics to claim that Hollywood is now condoning it.

I personally have not seen the movie but if one surfs the web, one will find arguments for and against it.

Slavoj Žižek, a Slovenian cultural critic, wrote about Kathryn Bigelow’s film, Zero Dark Thirty,  on The Guardian:

”One doesn’t need to be a moralist, or naive about the urgencies of fighting terrorist attacks, to think that torturing a human being is in itself something so profoundly shattering that to depict it neutrally – ie to neutralise this shattering dimension – is already a kind of endorsement.”

Kuvankaappaus 2013-1-26 kello 8.30.39

Even Republican US Senator John McCain, a Vietnam POW who was tortured, has condemned the film.

”The story is torture does not work, it is hateful, it is harmful, incredibly harmful to the United States of America. And to somehow make people believe that it was responsible for the elimination of Osama Bin Laden is in my view unacceptable.”

In the same way some try to sell torture as acceptable is the same reasoning being used to convince us that social exclusion and exploitation of immigrants and visible minority group is fine.

Greedy businesses, and politicians at the service of the latter, reveal to us why matters will get worse before they improve.

Racism, prejudice, discrimination and social exclusion is all about defending the privilege of certain groups at the cost of others.

Undocumented immigrants are welcomed to Europe because it’s profitable in the short-term.

In the long-term, however, such contradictions and values will end up destroying us in the same way we destroyed other countries.

 

Exposición de Colonia Finlandesa, Argentina

Posted on December 4, 2012 by Migrant Tales

Esta exposición sobre la Colonia Finlandesa, Argentina, fue expuesta en las ciudades finlandesas de Kitee, Helsinki, Peräseinäjoki, Mikkeli, Tampere y Turku entre 2007 y 2010. La colonización finlandesa nace en 1906, cuando Arthur Thesleff lleva un grupo de ciento y pico de finlandeses a colonizar las selvas de Misiones en el noreste argentino. Los inmigrantes son mayormente sueco-parlantes y de ciudades como Helsinki. 

Esta exposición de la Colonia Finlandesa es una muestra humilde de esas historias que contarían si estuvieran vivos hoy.

Pinche aquí si quiere escuchar a los fino-argentinos que están en la exposición.

1/9: Llegada a Colonia Finlandesa

En la primera colina

a la derecha un yerbatal

a la izquierda una zona desmontada

los troncos cortados esperan

ser transportados a un aserradero.

Caminando colonia adentro

se acerca un hombre

de unos sesenta años

no es finlandés

con un diente de oro.

No se conocen

pero se saludan

porque el ladrido lejano de un perro

no hay nadie más que ustedes;

en alguna parte se escucha el viento

que acaricia los pinos

pero también se esfuma.

Todo parece tan vacío.

(Miércoles, 29 de agosto de 1984)

2/9: Svea Gumberg: Nacer en la historia

Tengo que admitir algo:

siempre he tenido miedo

de irme de esta colonia

proque es aquí

donde me siento segura.

Cuando venía

la gente del censo o autoridades,

yo me escapaba al monte.

Nunca me he ido de aquí

a no ser por una emergencía.

No tengo documentos

y por eso ninguna

autoridad sabe que existo.

Me da miedo que algún día

alguna autoridad me lleve de aquí.

Nadie en la Argentina se atreve

salir de su casa sin documentos

la policía y el ejército paran

a cualquiera hoy en día

con mucha facilidad.

Me voy otra vez de visita.

Me puse mi mejor ropa:

un vestido blanco,

decorado con flores azules.

Y zapatos nuevos.

(Svea murió el día siguiente cuando la entrevisté el 19 de diciembre de 1977. Ella murió cuando una víbora la picó. Nació en 1906, el mismo año que fue fundada Colonia Finlandesa.)

3/9: De Kitee a las selvas de Misiones

Karelianos, principalmente de Kitee,

buenos agricultores

plantaban tabaco y yerba mate (un té local)

que los finlandeses llamaban kuija.

También plantaban otros cultivos.

Los karelianos trajeron consigo

a Colonia Finlandesa läskisoosi

(salsa de tocino acompañado con papas)

y los carelianos la disfrutaron con buen apetito

aún con una temperatura ambiente de 35 grados;

algunos la comían diariamente.

Drante los 1920

llegó a Colonia Finlandesa

de Kitee casi un pueblo entero:

Los Laasonen, los Pirhonen, los Heino, los Malinen

dos familias Hirvonen y cuatro familias Lemmetyinen,

muchos Putkuri.

De soltero de Kitee llegaron

por lo menos Jussi Makkonen y Eino Parkkulainen.

Eran diferentes a los finlandeses de origen sueco

que llegaron en 1906

a muy pocos gustaba trabajar como agricultores.

Los de Kitee se identificaban con el trabajo de la tierra.

 

4/9: Antti Lemmetyinen despertó el interés en Misiones

El viejo Antti solía decir:

“No soy antipático, soy Antti Lemmetyinen.”

…Era el viejo Antti Lemmetyinen

quien despertó el interes de muchos de Kitee

a Colonia Finlandesa.

El viejo Antti llegó a la Finlandesa en 1908.

Se decía que él se había fugado de su mujer.

A veces Antti contaba

que había dejado a su mujer.

Algunas veces él se sentaba sobre

una caja de madera

deprimido y con la cabeza agachada.

Una ves Hedvig Niskanen le preguntó:

“¿Qué estás pensando?”

Entonces Antti le pediía que cantara

canciones finlandesas de amor.

Al escucharlas a Antti

le empezaba a caer

grandes lágrimas y dijo:

“Vuelvo a Finlandia.”

(Regresó a Misiones en 1920 con su esposa Maija Liisa, y su yerna Olga y su nieto Sulo. Pekka y Herman Lemmetyinen se establicieron en Colonia Finlandesa en 1914.)

5/9: Eino Parkkulainen: El Chermau Blanco

No tenía ninguna razón para irme,

pero quería ver el mundo;

tenía 22 años y era soltero

de la parroquia de Kitee,

del pueblo de Juurikkajärvi,

de la localidad de Kokkoniemi

y quería ver al mundo…

El jefe indio me dio

un nombre de honor: Chermau Blanco (Hermano Blanco).

Es el honor más grande,

que un indio guaraní puede darle a un forastero.

Conseguí todo tipo de invitaciones al campamento indio.

El jefe indio mandó

cinco hombres armados

para ser mis guaraespaldas durante el viaje.

Unos paraguayos

trabajando en la ruta preguntaron

si ellos podrían ir también a la fiesta

uno de los guaraespaldas le respondió:

“Sí, pueden venir,

pero no sé si regresarán.

Chermau Blanco si regresará.”

Fue la mejor parte de mi vida.

6/9: Helena Haksluoto: Encuentro con la muerte

Cuando vivía en Colonia Finlandesa

siempre estaba con finlandeses

estos argentinos son tan diferentes a nosotros.

Mi prima Anita me dijo una vez de visita:

“Nosotros los Vatanen somos bien finlandeses.”

Me siento netamente finlandesa

aunque mi mamá me dio a luz en esta tierra.

***

Era un mediodía de abril

de repente cayó un rayo en la casa

escuché una explosión fuerte

en la otra habitación

de repente la casa etaba en llamas.

Vi a mi marido en el piso, desnudo

tenía toda la ropa quemada

sus dedos estaban resbalosos como el jabón.

El cuerpo de Eino se había quemado

y ablandado cuando lo arrastraba

salían pedazos enteros de su carne.

No hace mucho tiempo,

Eino me visitó en un sueño

estaba sentado tranquilo,

con sus manos cruzadas; su anillo

brillaba intensamente.

Eino me había visitado para decirme:

“Todo lo que ha pasado es culpa de tu tía Ruusa

pero no tiene ninguna importancia.”

7/9: Eelis Heikkilä: El último recolector

Yo hago todo el trabajo aquí

limpio y carpo el bananal.

Hace dos meses me picó una víbora

suerte que tenía puesto

un pulóver grueso y un saco:

era un yarará (Bothrops alternatus).

Mis pies no aguantan más

cada cargamento que llevo pesa cuarenta kilos

puede ser que haga hasta 100 cargamentos por día

puede ser que en un día

haya cargado más de mil kilos de bananas.

Mis pies ya no aguantan más

mis pies están doloridos

después de un día de trabajao

es difícil levantarse en la mañana.

No hay en esta zona tantos finlandeses

Me estoy olvidando del finlandés

no tengo con quien hablar.

Colonia Finlandesa es un lugar triste

como nadie vive cerca de mí

me quedaría solo tirado

y nadie escucharía a mi socorro

si me picara una víbora.

(Eelis falleció a los 66 años unos meses antes de que visitara a Colonia Finlandesa en mayo de 1998.)

8/9: Helga y Artturi Heino se enamoran y se quedan

Siempre en el campo

conseguí un poco de fuerza

pensando que este sería

el último año

que hiciera este trabajo.

Lo único que nos faltaba

era un comprador para la chacra

todo estaba listo

pero después me embarazé.

Cuando nació Jussi

había estallado en Europa

la Segunda Guerra Mundial

pero nos quedo una pequeña esperanza:

Nos mudaríamos cuando

terminara la guerra.

Pero cuando terminó la guerra

había nacido

una pequeña hija,

Elena, en 1941.

Teníamos cuatro hijos

y poco dinero.

Artturi siempre añoraba

a Finlandia y toda su vida

vivió con la esperanza

de volver a su país natal.

9/9: Últimos pensamientos

El poeta fancés, Edmond Haraucourt (1856-1941), creía que la imagen de la muerte aparece siempre cuando dos personas se separan. Dijo: “El partir es morir un poco, es morir a lo que uno ama.”

El ritual de la despedida era una experiencia más traumática a comienzos del siglo pasado que hoy.  En aquellos tiempos, las personas que no se volverían a ver nunca más, por el destino o las circunstancias de la geografía, tuvieron que disfrazar las despedidas con grandes dosis de esperanza. Tuvieron que convencerse de que pronto se volverían  a ver, aunque nunca lo hicieran.

¿Cuántos inmigrantes de Finlandia y de otros países hubieran dejado a sus seres queridos si hubieran sabido que sería la última vez que los vieran? Seguramente la historia de la humanidad se hubiera escrito de manera distinta si hubiéramos tenido el don de saber si nuestros adioses eran los últimos.

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