Enrique Tessieri Archives - Page 224 of 245

Who spreads hatred in Finland: YLE or the PS?

Posted on September 21, 2014 by Migrant Tales

Attempting to gain the maximum political mileage from the act of vandalism against the Perussuomalaiset (PS)* office in Helsinki on Thursday, party secretary, Riikka Slunga-Poutsalo, is pointing the finger at the “green-left alliance” (a favorite catchword that the party uses to describe its enemies) and YLE for comparing it to the anti-immigration far-right Sweden Democrats.

Another ludicrous claim made by the party at the same press conference Friday is that the PS has sacked all of its racists and fascists.

Matti Putkonen, who made the claim, hasn’t apparently heard of Harri Tauriainen, a city of Kemi councilman, who used to have “white power” emblems on his Facebook page and who said: “…it’s odd that we can’t put in line in Finland this colored human group of trash. Just put a stamp on their ass and deport them for good from Finland.”

PS councilman Harri Tauriainen’s Facebook page. He will be running for MP in the April.

Putkonen hasn’t heard as well of Suomen Sisu, a far-right association whose chairman is PS MP Olli Immonen.

Suomen Sisi believes, among other fascist ideas, in “racial hygiene” and that white Finns shouldn’t marry foreigners.

Putkonen and the party appear to have conveniently forgotten about how its third vice president MP Juho Eerola is attracted to Benito Mussolini’s fascism.

There are many cases that clearly prove that the PS is rife with racists and fascists.

Gathering by these sound bites by Slunga-Poutsalo and Putkonen, it’s clear that there is manifest unease in the party. After getting 39 MPs elected in the 2011 parliamentary elections and becoming Finland’s third-largest party like the Sweden Democrats today in the Riksdagen (Swedish parliament), it’s clear that they won’t match that historic victory in 2015.

In the last presidential, municipal and EU elections, the PS has lagged far behind their best result so far.

We don’t hide the fact at Migrant Tales that the PS are for the above and many other reasons a menace to Finland and especially to migrants and minorities. We won’t vandalize their offices but we’ll fight them at the ballot boxes in April to send them back to the minor political leagues after the April 2015 elections.

Four years of the PS in the opposition has not only polarized our society, it has undermined our democratic institutions with its hostility towards migrants and minorities.

Read full story here.

And here’s what we should be asking in light of what happened and what the PS wants us to believe: Who spreads more hatred in Finland – YLE or the PS?

Slunga-Poutsalo could ask the Somali and Muslim community, which have been a near-constant target of the party, what they think about much of the anti-immigration hostility against them. How has the spread of such hatred made their lives easier in Finland? Has it helped migrants in general to integrate and become equal members of this society?

The PS party secretary should ask as well how their intolerance has rubbed off on others like the National Coalition Party, whose MP, Pia Kauma, has spread outright lies about migrants buying new baby carriages with social aid.

Why does the PS continue to attack migrants and minorities? Why does the party continue to support Hommaforum, a racist website that is like a peep show where anonymous racists can see hate comments instead of naked women?

At the same time, Slunga-Poutsalo could ask Finland the same question: How have MPs like Teuvo Hakkarainen, Jussi Halla-aho, Olli Immonen, Juho Eerola, former PS MP James Hirvisaari and many, many others reinforced our Nordic way of life by promoting respect and social equality to everyone?

Slunga-Poutsalo could take a long look at the mirror herself and ask about the Nuiva Manifesto, which she signed. If the anti-immigration manifesto ever came into force, it would bolster racism and white privilege to new heights.

While acts of vandalism against a party should be condemned, so should the violence and hostility of parties like the PS against migrants and minorities.

* The Finnish name for the Finns Party is the Perussuomalaiset (PS). The English names of the party adopted by the PS, like True Finns or Finns Party, promote in our opinion nativist nationalism and xenophobia. We therefore prefer to use the Finnish name of the party on our postings.

PS claims it has sacked all of its racists and fascists from the party (sic!)

Posted on September 19, 2014 by Migrant Tales

Matti Putkonen said at a press conference Friday that comparing the Perussuomalaiset (PS)* to the anti-immigration Sweden Democrats was spreading hatred against the party. He went as far as to suggest that the attack against its office in Helsinki had something to do with such stories, reports tabloid Ilta-Sanomat.

Putkonen, who was convicted for rape about 23 years ago, lost his temper when HBL journalist Susanna Ginman questioned his claim that all the racists and fascists had been sacked from the party.

Ginman asked why PS MEP Jussi Halla-aho, who was sentenced for ethnic agitation, wasn’t sacked from the party.

Putkonen snapped back and asked if she considered Halla-aho a racist.

The journalist answered in the affirmative.

Read full story here.

If Migrant Tales would have been present at the press conference, we’d respond in the same way as the HBL journalist did.

We don’t know what kind of a person Halla-aho is but if we check what he’s written, it’s clear that they are rife with racism.

I’d ask Putkonen as well about Suomen Sisu, a far-right association, about MP Juho Eerola, who admitted being attracted to Benito Mussolini’s fascism.

The chairman of Suomen Sisu, Olli Immonen, is a PS MP.

One of the reasons why the PS has been riddled by so many scandals is because too many of its members are racists and fascists.

THL survey in Finland says first-generation migrants more likely to experience bullying, physical and sexual harassment

Posted on September 17, 2014 by Migrant Tales

A new survey shows that first-generation immigrants are more likely to experience bullying, physical threats and sexual harassment than white Finns, according to YLE in English, which cites the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL).

The survey revealed some 32% of “immigrant” children found it difficult to access school welfare officers.

Should the findings of the study surprise us taking into account the negative atmosphere in this country against migrants, minorities and cultural diversity? Moreover, why is so little known about the health and well-being of “immigrant” children and young people?

THL admitted in the statement that there has been up to know very little information about this groups of minors.

THL researcher, Anni Matikka, said that immigrants are a heterogenous group and that not all of them need help.

“However, there are young immigrants who are facing several challenges in their health and well-being, and therefore these individuals need special support,” she added.

Matikka said that families of children with “immigrant” backgrounds should have access to good information about support and student welfare services. “At the same time they could strive to increase trust in the providers of these services among immigrant background youth,” she said.

Read full story here.

While sexual harassment (unwanted intimate touching, pressure or coercion to have sex or an offer to buy sex) was common at school with one in three girls experiencing such violence or harassment and one in four in upper secondary schools, the survey showed that sexual harassment was more common among first-generation “immigrant” boys (32% experienced sexual violence) than among “immigrant” girls (28%).

It showed as well that 42% of first-generation immigrant boys had experienced physical violence in the last year compared with 33% second-generation “immigrant” boys.

While the THL survey was done in 2014, in the 1990s matters were either worse or the same.

It is a positive matter and always a step in the right direction that there is concern about the welfare of third-culture Finns at schools. Migrant Tales has written a lot about the matter.

A Somali Finn wrote on our blog that his brief honeymoon with Finland ended abruptly in the 1990s when he started elementary school. He was the school’s first and only black student. “That’s when the bullying started; I was even attacked physically by my classmates,” he said. “Something bad happened to me almost every day at school.”

Read what Ida, Abdulah and Joseph have to say about being Other in Finland here.

I remember when one of my children was harassed and insulted at a Helsinki school in the late-1980s because of ethnic background. The matter that surprised me the most was how little importance the teacher gave to the incident.

The THL survey defines first-generation immigrants as children who weren’t born in Finland and have non-Finnish parents; second generation migrants were born in Finland to non-Finnish parents. Native-born Finns are those whose parents were born in Finland.

Taking into account the definition by THL of first- or second-generation immigrants and native-born Finns, the mere definition highlights part of the problem. Are these children, irrespective if their parents were born elsewhere, “immigrants” or “Finns” with multicultural or third-culture backgrounds?

The term immigrant isn’t a country but an abstract concept. Does it promote inclusion or exclusion when used?

The label used at some Finnish school such as “children with immigrant backgrounds” promotes in my opinion “us” and “them.” Does the label, which is apparently used quite commonly at Finnish schools, promote our values of social equality or does it relegate the person to second- or third-class status?

These types of labels, which are placed by the majority culture on the minority, may shed some light on why teachers and school-welfare workers are so hard to get in touch with by “immigrant” children.

Over 180,000 children and young people in Finland took part in the survey.

Will the Sweden Democrat victory give a boost to the PS in Finland?

Posted on September 15, 2014 by Migrant Tales

The Swedish election result not only showed a shift and set for a minority-left government, but historic gains made by the far-right Sweden Democrats. Conservative Moderat Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt, who conceded defeat late Sunday, said he will hand in his resignation Monday after eight years in power.

Just like the anti-immigration Peerussuomalaiset (PS)* in 2011, the Sweden Democrats scored their best election victory to date by almost doubling their support to 12.9% (+29 MPs to 49MPs) from 5.7% (20 MPs) in 2010 in the 349-seat Riksdagen (parliament).

Like the PS, they too are today the third-largest party in parliament after the Social Democrats and Moderate Party.

The interesting question to ask is if the good showing of the Sweden Democrats will give a boost to the PS in next year’s elections.

An important matter to keep in mind when looking at far-right, populist and anti-immigration parties is that they are a reaction not a solution to our ever-growing cultural diversity.

Seats gained by different parties in the Swedish parliamentary elections. From left to right: Left Party (V), Social Democrats (S), Greens (MP), Sweden Democrats (SD), Center Party (C), Liberal Party (FP), Christian Democrats (KD) and Moderate Party (M).

Sweden’s new prime minister is Social Democrat Stefan Löfven faces a daunting task in forming the country’s next government.

“I’ll talk to other parties,” he was quoted as saying on The Local. “My hand is outstretched. I’ll talk to the Greens, but also to other parties.”

A coalition comprising of the Social Democrats, Left Party and the Greens only adds up to 43.8%, while a center-right coalition totals 39.3%. This means theoretically that the far-right anti-immigration party holds the balance of power.

“We’re the absolute kingmaker now,” said Sweden Democrat leader Jimmie Åkesson. “[You] can’t ignore us the way they have ignored us over the past four years.”

Read full story here.

Sweden’s incoming Prime Minister Löfven said he would continue to shun the far-right party as have done all mainstream parties.

Whether the policy of excluding the Sweden Democrats has worked or not remains to be seen. Mainstream parties in Finland have taken a different approach and even invited the PS to form part of government after the elections four years ago.

Even if the Sweden Democrats are heading north and the PS are heading south, it’s clear that a lot more has to be done to challenge right-wing populist anti-immigration sentiment. More leadership is needed especially from migrant and multicultural Swedes and Finns.

Did outgoing Prime Minister Reinfeldt’s pro-immigration statements and stance help the Sweden Democrats isn’t the point. The issue is that politicians must show leadership during difficult times and not look for scapegoats.

Far-right anti-immigration sentiment has also grown in Norway and Denmark, where xenophobic parties did well in recent elections.

Parties like the National Coalition Party and Social Democrats have done a dismal job in challenging the rhetoric of parties like the Perussuomalaiset (PS).* The most recent baby carriage scandal by conservative MP Pia Kauma is a clear example how some mainstream politicians are flirting with xenophobia.

What do we have in Finland to show after almost four years of the PS in the opposition? Polarization of society, political scandals, strengthening of urban myths and racism – in sum, a country that appears to have lost its way.

How will the Swedish elections impact Finland’s elections in April?

Certainly it won’t hurt them.

Finnish anti-immigration politicians and parties spread on purpose lies to hide the truth and their culpability

Posted on September 14, 2014 by Migrant Tales

Ever wonder why the Finnish media and politicians continue to spread lies about migrants and minorities like we’re lazy, stupid, criminals, rapists and a burden on society? OK, not all of them lie on purpose but too many remain silent and allow these types of urban tales to slip past them in silent approval.

Say for example a recent urban tale by a MP from Espoo that I don’t want to mention who claims that migrants get preferential treatment from social-service officials.

Poverty and social exclusion are realities that the migrant and minority community face in Finland.

What about a party* that I don’t want to mention because they base their popularity on anti-immigration rhetoric? Members of this party have gone as far as to claim that certain national groups have it in their genes to live off welfare, rob and rape.

Why do many, like the media, politicians and some of the public believe these fairy tales about migrants and minorities?

What would happen if the following was the truth:

The majority of migrants (about 60%) live in poverty;
Unemployment among migrants is on average two to three times higher than the national average;
Migrant youths have a greater chance of being marginalized than white Finns;
Migrants make 25% less money than Finns on average;
Migrants get less social welfare than Finns because they are usually employed in low-skilled and low-paying jobs.

The above facts are a ticking time bomb thanks to our indifference and because some politicians and political parties would care less about migrants and minorities in this country.

Instead of addressing and challenging poverty and social exclusion, it’s clear why some don’t want you to admit the truth.

High time for Western self-scrutiny about our Muslim community

Posted on September 13, 2014 by Migrant Tales

I made in the late-1970s one of the most important decisions of my life. Back then Argentina was ruled by one of the region’s bloodiest dictatorships. Human rights violations, torture and state-sponsored terrorism were the rule. You had three choices: take up arms and join a guerrilla group, shut up or leave the country.

Wali Hashi believes that its high time for self-scrutiny by the Muslim community concerning its youth that is being recruited to fight in wars overseas. Read full story here.

The dilemma I was confronted with a long time ago must resemble the predicament that some Muslims face as they decide whether to join an extremist group like ISIS. One of the questions they must answer is clear: Is armed struggle and violence right to change society?

Even if the thought of joining a left-wing guerrilla attracted me at the time, I knew I could never be a member of such a group since it meant killing other people. How could I kill a human being if I couldn’t kill an animal?

I chose the pen instead and that changed my life for the better. Certainly joining a guerrilla group would have changed my life as well but differently.

I also made another important decision back then: I won’t kill anyone as long as I live.

Even if there was a lot of suspicion about left-wingers and communists in Latin America during the cold war, it wasn’t tainted by Islamophobia.

We’ve seen through time how wars have lured youth. We saw it in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and recently how youths join the Israeli Defense Forces. Why don’t these type of conflict worry us as much as the conflicts in the Middle East?

How you define a guerrilla or extremist organization hinges on your political viewpoint. It’s wishful thinking to believe that ISIS will be defeated militarily. For that you need a political solution and there is none in sight.

If the US has spent over 2 trillion dollars on Iraq, why would the latest declaration of war against ISIS make any difference?

In many respects, the ongoing strife in the Middle East, which is being inflicted by us, looks eerily like the flypaper that John Steinbeck wrote about in his 1942 novel, The moon is down.

The book tells about how the occupying Nazi forces attempted to force the townspeople into submission but the contrary happened. Resistance to the occupying force mounted with acts of sabotage. In the end, the invaders realized the futility of their campaign and it becomes clear they had lost the war.

The flies, as Steinbeck so eloquently writes at the end of the novel, had conquered the flypaper.

If you want to discourage our youth from taking up arms and being recruited to war zones, give them education, opportunities and ballot boxes as opposed to US-Western and Fox-style “war-on-terror” rhetoric, which is copied by the Finnish media as well.

Include, give back countries in the Middle East their self-determination, seriously take steps in solving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and challenge Islamophobia on all fronts. These matters will go a long way in helping discourage our youth from taking up arms against, ironically, enemies that we’ve financed and created.

Pekka Myrskylä: “Why aren’t we debating about why [white] Finns buy alcohol with social aid?”

Posted on September 13, 2014 by Migrant Tales

National Coalition Party MP Pia Kauma has proven with her victimization of migrant mothers and migrants that prejudices have deep roots. No matter how much you expose an outright lie, your evidence will have little impact because some people are set in their prejudices and beliefs.

Kauma continues to be adamant: She will not apologize for what she said but instead continues to rely on gossip. What is most surprising is that she’s sat eight years on an Espoo municipal committee that sets guidelines for social aid.

The conservative MP says she’s received countless messages of support, even from social workers, about how migrants are given preferential treatment by the social-welfare system. If this is true, the social workers are breaking the law by telling Kauma about their clients since they must abide by a non-disclosure agreement they’ve signed.

Sakari Timonen, one of Finland’s best anti-racism bloggers, writes about the latter (in Finnish) here.

Pekka Myrskylä, a retired manager who worked for Statistics Finland, spoke to Migrant Tales about the latest debate on migrant mothers and baby carriages.

Read Pekka Myrskylä’s blog entry here.

Myrskylä has written a lot about migrants in Finland. In one of his posts published this spring, Myrskylä showed that contrary to popular belief, about 60% of migrants live below the poverty line in this country.

Since they have lower-paying jobs than white Finns, their level of social welfare is lower as well.Instead of relying on gossip and attacking migrant mothers, why doesn’t Kauma get the facts and debate the social problems that arise from living in poverty?

”Why aren’t we debating about how [white] Finns buy alcohol with social aid?” said Myrskylä. ”We instead prefer to talk about migrant mothers and baby carriages.”

Myrskylä said that one of the biggest problems in the ongoing debate on our ever-growing cultural diversity is the lack of information. Statistics Finland doesn’t gather systematic information about the educational level of migrants.

”Since we don’t have such information, there is a general perception that migrants have low educational levels,” he said. ”Some do but many who come from the United States, Russia and Estonia have an educational background.”

UPDATED (14.9): Myrskylä said that one third of the 51,000 people (15-29 years) who don’t have a profession, are unemployed, aren’t enrolled in school and aren’t on maternity leave speak Finnish as a second language. The chances of a migrant being marginalized in Finland is greater than that of a white Finn.

He said that the way migrants are talked about in the media and public in Finland resembles the way Finns were seen in Sweden in the 1970s. Back then, Finns had a questionable reputation and were commonly the source of media and public scorn. Matters started to improve dramatically when the Finnish embassy in Stockholm contacted the editors of the country’s main dailies and held meetings with them on a regular basis.

The late Max Jakobson and Risto Laakkonen played a crucial role in changing the perceptions that the Swedish media had about Finns.

Migrants and diplomatic representatives in Finland should do the same as the Finnish embassy did in Sweden.

MP Kauma is the latest and clearest example that such action is needed now.

National Coalition Party and Perussuomalaiset lead anti-immigration drive in Finland

Posted on September 12, 2014 by Migrant Tales

With parliamentary elections nearing in April, topping the anti-immigration rhetoric list are two parties with representatives in parliament: National Coalition Party and who else but the Perussuomalaiset (PS)*.

We’ve been reading almost daily about National Coalition Party MP Pia Kauma’s crusade against migrant women with baby carriages. The PS are another hostile party to migrants that will feed migrants to the dogs in order to get your vote in April.

While the PS wants to fool voters into believing that their rhetoric against migrants and minorities has something to do with patriotism and defending white Finnish rights, nothing could be further from the truth.

Migrant Tales has never been fooled by this type of chicanery and neither should you.

If there are warning red light over Finland, it’s to warn us of the PS, a party that has ties with extremist groups like Suomen Sisu.

Since the PS has made so many outrageous statements in the past about migrants, minorities and development aid, let’s look at the two most recent ones by MP Vesa-Matti Saarakkala and MP Juho Eerola.

If Saarakkala had his way, he’d get rid of dual citizenship and take away a person’s citizenship if he were sentenced for a serious crime like terrorism. Eerola, on the other hand, the MP that admitted liking fascism and Benito Mussolini’s economic policies, wants to scrap the right of migrants to use paid interpreters.

What’s wrong with these two proposals? For one they reveal that Saarakkala and Eerola, both lawmakers, are in the dark about our constitution.

One of the most important rights in our constitution is that everyone, irrespective if the person is a Finn or migrant, has the right to be treated equally before the law.

Here’s a question to Eerola: If you are going to take away the right to use a paid interpreter from migrants, how would that affect minorities such as the Sami, Roma and mutes?

These types of statements made by MPs just to get votes in next year’s election reveal the true face of the PS. It shows a party that is lost but led by the headlights of its opportunism and ignorance. The PS would end up feeding our laws and values to the dogs if it ever got power.

Should migrants, expats and minorities fear the PS? Not at all. We should challenge them and do everything possible to send them them back to where they came from: to the one-digit political minor league.

Let’s hope that this will happen sooner than later.

Finland’s parliamentary elections of April 2015 have begun

Posted on September 10, 2014 by Migrant Tales

Even if parliamentary elections will take place on April 19, 2015, it’s clear that they’ve begun. Rumbles can be already heard from political parties such as the Perussuomalaiset (PS)*, Muutos 2011 and the National Coalition Party, which are vying for media attention and voters. Who are they targeting? Who else but migrants and minorities.

National Coalition Party MP Pia Kauma is the one that claimed on Friday that migrant women were buying new baby carriages with social aid and that migrants were getting more welfare than Finns.

Kauma’s claims, which were based on hearsay, were disproven. Even so, the conservative MP continues to be in the media spotlight.

Any serious student of racism would ask the following question: Why does MP Kauma, who bases her claim on gossip and openly victimizes migrants, controls the narrative on migrants? Why doesn’t Pekka Myrskylä’s blog, which showed that the majority of migrants live in poverty in Finland, wasn’t even mentioned by the Finnish media?

Why in the last parliamentary elections did the media believe the narrative of the PS and politicians like Jussi Halla-aho and others even if it’s clear today that they were spreading lies about migrants?

The answer is in my opinion clear: The Finnish media isn’t only white but too many reporters have a challenging time thinking outside their ethnic box.

Migrants and minorities in this country have memory and we won’t forget. In the meantime as new lies are stacked over old ones by opportunistic politicians, the credibility of our institutions will be undermined. Who would believe in the police if the police are suspicious of you?

What is surprising in the Kauma affair is that not one migrant – except for mothers with baby carriages – were asked what they thought about the MP’s false claims.

On Monday’s A-Studio, a YLE host asked Kauma if she’d apologize for what she said. Social Democrat chairman Antti Rinne had said over the weekend that it’s clear that migrants don’t get more social aid than Finns and therefore talk about baby carriages should end and Kauma should apologize.

The MP said she wouldn’t apologize for bringing up a topic that had gotten the attention of white Finns.

Kauma did, however, apologize to those migrant mothers with baby carriages who have been harassed by Finns because of what she said.

Please read the last sentence again and ask:

Why did she make such claims in the first place if they aren’t true?

Politicians like Kauma and Timo Soini will find themselves in good company with MP James Hirvisaari of Muutos 2011, a xenophobic far-right party that believes racist sound bites to the media will help them get voters.

They are right but in the wrong party because there’s little media interest in Muutos 2011.

Hirvisaari, who got the boot from the PS after he posted a picture on social media of a friend making a Nazi salute in parliament, is a PS creation. Without the PS, Hirvisaari would have never got elected.

Here MP James Hirvisaari shows his Finnish machoism and narcism with his anti-immigration rhetoric, where he promises to get immigration under control. Social media has created many Frankensteins like Hirvisaari.

It’s highly likely that Hirvisaari will lose his seat in April.

We at Migrant Tales hope that he gets voted out of parliament.

Dr Theodoros Fouskas: Nigerian Immigrants in Greece: Low-Status Work, Community, and Decollectivization

Posted on September 9, 2014 by Migrant Tales

Migrant Tales insight: Dr Theodoros Fouskas, a lecturer at the New York College, Greece, is no stranger to our blog. We’ve published two stories about his research and work. Taking into account the economic and political hardships that Greece faces and how this had impacted migrants, Migrant Tales believes it has a responsibility to show the good work being done by researchers like Dr Fouskas.

We wish him the best luck in the lunching of his latest book below.

__________________

Book Description:
• How does low-status work of Nigerian immigrants affect their organization and representation in immigrant community associations and unions?
• How do Nigerian immigrants perceive and what practices do they develop towards the collective organization, representation and claim of work rights?The sociological research in this book emphasizes that the lack of permanent employment and restriction of immigrants in precarious, low-status/paid occupations distance them from both collectivities and claims. By introducing a new perspective on the investigation of the migration phenomenon in Greece, this book contributes significantly to relative international research and literature. This makes it an extremely useful source for researchers and students, public agencies or bodies and for those dealing with the phenomenon of immigration and immigration policy.

In the first part of the book, the clarification of the theoretical concepts of community, occupational community and low-status work in the migration context is attempted. The impact that low-status/paid work has on immigrant collectivities is analyzed and the types of immigrant community associations and the attitude of the Greek trade unions towards the immigrants are discussed. Moreover, an overview of international empirical research on Nigerian immigrants, as well as on studies that focus on the investigation of immigrant community associations in Greece is endeavored. The second part of the book concentrates on the consequences low-status/paid work has on the collective organization and representation of the immigrant workforce. The micro-sociological research and analysis examines the case of Nigerian immigrants in Greece and how the frame of their work and their employment affects their participation in the immigrant hometown association Nigerian Community in Greece and in Greek trade unions. The results based on in-depth interviews demonstrate that due to the ramifications of their work, Nigerians are cut off, do not claim established workers’ rights and do not seek membership in any community associations or unions. In contrast, Nigerian immigrant workers depend on informal and impersonal social networks in search of solidarity and thus resort to alternative means of ensuring survival in Greek society, choosing individualistic and materialistic perceptions and attitudes of regulating their difficulties and workers’ rights, far from collectivities, often resigning from them completely. (Imprint: Nova)

Table of Contents:
Foreword pp.ix-xiiList of Tables pp.xiii-xiv

List of Figures pp.xv-xvi

About the Author pp.xvii-xviii

Acknowledgments pp.xix-xx

Abbreviations pp.xxi-xxii

Introduction pp.xxiii-xxxv

PART 1. pp.1-2

Chapter 1. Theoretical Clarifications pp.3-28

Chapter 2. International Research on Nigerian Immigrants pp.29-38

Chapter 3. International Research on Immigrant Associations in Greece
pp.39-50
PART 2. pp.51-52

Chapter 4. Research Methodology pp53-62

Chapter 5. Immigrants from Nigeria in Greece pp.63-140

PART 3. pp.141-142

Chapter 6. Epilogue pp.143-158

Appendix: Statistical Data on Nigerians pp.159-166

Bibliography pp.167-238

Index pp.239-251

To order book visit Nova Publishers here.